Two Layout Forms of Photovoltaic Mounting Systems

Two component layout schemes are currently adopted:

1. Horizontal layout

2. Vertical layou

The selection should be based on factors such as component type, component dimensions, array configuration, and inverter capacity. The two layout schemes should be compared to determine the optimal solution, and an analysis of shadow occlusion affecting component power generation should be conducted.

1. For ground-mounted power plants (flat terrain) with a fixed tilt angle layout, where there is no topographic variation and no elevation difference in the component array, the projection direction is northeast, north, or northwest.

2. For mountainous projects with a fixed tilt angle layout, due to variations in the east-west slope of the terrain, elevation differences exist in the northeast and northwest directions (component shadow directions). When the projection direction aligns with the downward slope, the shadow length increases along the slope. Mountainous projects feature diverse slopes, and the component shadows vary under different slope conditions.

Photovoltaic mounting systems mainly include three types: fixed mounts, fixed adjustable mounts, and horizontal single-axis tracking mounts. The rationality of the photovoltaic mounting system selection is closely related to later installation and construction. An inappropriate choice may lead to difficulties or failures in mounting installation.

Currently, the difficulties in installing photovoltaic mounting systems in mountainous areas mainly stem from two aspects:

1. Uneven terrain leads to varying lengths of support columns within the same photovoltaic mounting system, which must be considered during design.

2. Construction errors may cause difficulties or failures in connecting bolts with bolt holes. Currently, C-shaped purlins (with reserved adjustment holes) and plug-in columns are widely used to address these issues.