There are currently two types of module layout schemes:
- Horizontal layout
- Vertical layout
The selection shall be based on factors such as module model, module size, array, and inverter capacity. A comparison between the two layout schemes should be conducted to select the optimal one, and an analysis of the power generation performance of modules affected by shadow occlusion is also required.
(1) When fixed-tilt angle layout is adopted for ground-mounted power stations (on flat ground), there is no topographic variation, no height difference between module arrays, and the projection directions are northeast, north, and northwest.
(2) When fixed-tilt angle layout is applied to mountainous projects, due to the east-west slope variation of the terrain, there will be height differences between modules in the northeast and northwest directions (the direction of module shadows). Moreover, when the projection direction is downward along the slope, the length of the shadow will increase along the slope. The slopes of mountainous projects are variable, so the module shadows will differ under each slope condition.
PV brackets mainly come in three types: fixed brackets, fixed adjustable brackets, and horizontal single-axis tracking brackets.
The rationality of PV bracket selection is closely related to the subsequent installation and construction. Unreasonable selection may lead to difficulties in bracket installation or even failure to install.
At present, the difficulties in installing PV brackets in mountainous areas mainly lie in two aspects:
(1) The uneven terrain results in different lengths of the columns of the same set of PV brackets, which must be taken into account during the design.
(2) Construction errors may cause difficulties in connecting bolts with bolt holes or even failure to connect them. Currently, C-shaped purlins (with reserved adjustment holes) and cannula-type columns are mostly used to solve the above problems.
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