Photovoltaic (PV) power generation is a technology that directly converts light energy into electrical energy using the photovoltaic effect at the semiconductor interface. It mainly consists of three parts: solar panels (modules), a controller, and an inverter, with key components made up of electronic elements. Solar cells are connected in series and then encapsulated for protection to form large-area solar cell modules. When combined with components such as a power controller, a PV power generation system is formed.
Currently, China ranks first in the world in terms of cumulative PV installed capacity, and PV power generation has been continuously increasing. This has made a significant contribution to the transformation of China's energy structure.
However, post-installation maintenance of PV modules is crucial, as it exerts a great impact on PV power generation. Dust removal, in particular, is essential. Most PV modules are installed in sparsely populated areas. After long-term use, dust accumulates on the module surfaces, seriously affecting power generation.
So, how to remove dust from PV modules? There are mainly the following methods:
- Dry cleaning: Use tools like mops and rags to wipe the module surfaces and remove dust, thereby increasing the module's power generation.
- Direct tap water cleaning: Clean the modules with tap water. This method achieves a relatively thorough cleaning effect but consumes a large amount of tap water.
- Using spray equipment: Install high-pressure spray equipment at fixed positions during the installation of PV modules. Meanwhile, calculate the spacing between each spray device to ensure that every corner of the modules is cleaned to the maximum extent.
- Dust removal by cleaning robots: Operate cleaning robots to clean the modules. The robots clean the module surfaces according to a set program. This method delivers good and thorough cleaning results and saves water. However, cleaning robots are relatively expensive, with high initial investment costs, so they have not yet been widely used.
Additionally, the surface of PV panels has a self-cleaning function due to their special material. Irregular rainfall, caused by weather conditions, also washes away dust on the panel surfaces. Therefore, the light-receiving function of PV modules will not be significantly affected.
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