Flexible supports are classified into single-layer cable structure, double-layer cable truss structure, fish-belly cable truss structure, and beam-string structure.
A single-layer cable structure generally consists of main steel frames composed of beams and columns, stay cables, and cables as the main components. The cables are two parallel tensioned cables aligned with the module plane, replacing conventional tension-bearing members. After tensioning, the module-supporting cables are fixed via anchorages at the ends of the steel beams. Tensioning equipment imparts stress stiffness to the supporting cables for module bearing, forming a self-balancing system through end stay cables.
A double-layer cable truss structure comprises main steel frames (beams and columns), stay cables, cables, and rigid struts between the cables. The cable system consists of two parallel top chords and one upward-curvature bottom chord. Compared with the single-layer cable structure, it adds load-bearing cables and rigid struts, forming a self-balancing system by tensioning the cables to gain stress stiffness.
The fish-belly cable support system includes diagonal braces, columns, crossbeams, struts, module-supporting steel cables, and cross-fixing steel cables. It features a simple structure and aesthetic appearance, with columns and diagonal braces fixed only at limited positions. It uses fewer support points and occupies less ground area, reducing earthwork and construction costs.
A beam-string structure is composed of main steel frames (beams and columns), stay cables, rigid top chords, cables, and rigid struts. The cables serve as load-bearing cables, without stability cables unlike the three-layer cable truss. The top chord adopts a rigid structure, while the bottom chord uses flexible tensioned cables. Under prestress, the struts provide elastic support to the top chord, improving the stress state of the upper structure and forming a self-balancing system.
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